![]() A smaller pair of apsaras was sold in these rooms, 19th September 2002, lot 43A.Īs Xiaoneng Yang writes, New Perspectives on China's Past. Loo & Co., An Exhibition of Chinese Stone Sculptures, New York, 1940, no.13, pl.8, was illustrated again by Eskenazi Ltd., Chinese Buddhist Sculpture from Northern Wei to Ming, London, 2002, pp.20, pl.3. A larger apsara documented as being from the Yungang complex, formerly in the Bjorkman collection, Switzerland, and illustrated by C.T. Just as in the famous cave sites from Gongxian, Longmen, Xiangtangshan and Tianlongshan, scattered through north and central China, surviving fragments of peripheral elements like apsaras and attendants are extremely rare, perhaps even more so than those of their accompanying primary Buddha figures. In contrast, the depiction of the peripheral elements in stone sculpture and cave painting was seized upon by these anonymous artists to show their prowess and experiment with the boundaries of pictorial convention. Family: M… Greek Architecture, Greek Building Techniques.Īlmost all major Greek architecture employed the simple "post and lintel" system.Figures of apsaras descending to scatter flowers or to play heavenly music upon various instruments, were used to enliven and animate votive altars, triad groups and cave niches since the main registers of the Buddha with attendant bodhisattvas and arhats were strictly controlled in their depiction and iconography by source texts and sutras. Education: Attended Westlake School for Girls. Born: Shirley Jane Temple in Santa Monica, California, 23 April 1928. ![]() Luxor (El Uqsur) City in e central Egypt, on the e bank of the River Nile known to the ancient Egyptians as Weset and to the ancient Greeks as… Angkor, AngkorĪngkor (ăng´kôr), site of several capitals of the Khmer Empire, north of Tônlé Sap, NW Cambodia, for about five and a half centuries (9th to 1… Shirley Temple, Nationality: American. Ancient Greek architect, he was partly responsible (with Demetrius and, possibly, Deinocrates) for… Luxor, Luxor ![]() A temple is the place for housing… Paeonius or Paionios of Ephesus, Paeonius or Paionios of Ephesus (fl. Our word temple comes from the Latin templum, meaning any space demarcated as sacred-even a part of the sky. Yungang shiku ( Yun'gang Cave-Temples), 2 vols. Yungang Cave-Temples Cultural Relics Institute. Zhongguo shikusi yanjiu ( A Study of the History of Chinese Cave-Temples). Kyoto: Kyoto daigaku jimbun kagaku kenkyūsho, 1951–1956. Unkō sekkutsu ( Yun'gang Cave-Temples), 16 vols. See also: China, Buddhist Art in Monastic Architecture Bibliography This idiom gradually gave way to a more elongated sinicized style that was associated with the sinification policies of the Northern Wei. In sculptural style and iconography, strong Indian and Central Asian influences commingled with local elements to create a unique Yun'gang idiom, characterized by a robust figural form and an archaic smile. ![]() Passageways behind large statues or the construction of central pillars allow for ritual circumambulation. Carved into the sandstone cliffs are niches that contain statues of buddhas such as Śākyamuni and Maitreya, as well as carvings of other Buddhist motifs. Thereafter local Buddhists continued to dedicate small chapels until about 520. The colossal buddha images of caves 16 to 20 are said to commemorate the founder rulers of the Northern Wei, while members of the imperial family built many cave chapels until 494, when the capital was moved from Datong to Luoyang in central China. as an attempt to atone the Buddhist persecution of 444, Yun'gang was associated with the imperial patronage of Buddhism of the Northern Wei dynasty, a nomadic empire that ruled China from 386 to 534. The Yun'gang cave sanctuaries are located sixteen kilometers west of Datong in Shanxi province in China. ![]()
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